Effective Communication Practices - 1178 Words

Effective Communication Practices Communication is defined as â€Å"the transfer and understanding of meaning† (Robbins Judge, 2013) and is the foundation of every relationship. There are four main reasons for communication in business. They are to control, motivation, emotional expression and information (Robbins Judge, 2013). Without effective communication the sharing of ideas, information, feelings and questions cannot be completed. There is a process to communication and when the process is broken communication is not effective. In business it is a manager’s responsibility to understand the process of communication, the functions of the communications and to minimize any barriers to communication so that there is effective†¦show more content†¦Some managers or executives are simply poor listeners causing communication to constantly break down. When a peer or someone at lower or higher level of the organization is speaking to them, they may be daydreaming, showing lack of interest, readin g, looking around, or listening to another conversation. Because they are not concentrating on what is being said, they may misunderstand part or the entire message. They may even believe that they are really paying full attention only to realize later that they cannot remember parts of the conversation. Receivers may also bring certain predispositions based on past experiences to the communication process. They may already have their minds made up, firmly set in a certain way. For instance, a manager may have heard that his or her new boss is unpleasant and hard to work with. When the new boss calls the manager for an introductory meeting, the manager may go into that meeting predisposed to dislike the new boss and pay little attention to what he or she has to say. Ways to Improve Communication Effectiveness Considering how many factors can create roadblocks to successful communication, it is fortunate that we can resort to numerous techniques for improving communication effectiveness. The single most important individual skill for improving communication effectiveness is being a good listener. Being a good listener requires the individual be prepared to listen, keep interruptions to a minimum, concentrate on bothShow MoreRelatedEffective And Ethical Practice Of Human Communication1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Communication National Communication Association described communication as â€Å"focuses on how people use messages to generate meanings within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media. The discipline promotes the effective and ethical practice of human communication†. Communication is a combination of different discipline of life in which an information transfer to other with help of some medium. In this field there are limitless possibilities in this fieldRead MoreGoal 1 : Effective Practice Of Communication888 Words   |  4 PagesGoal 1: Effective Practice of Communication Description: My goals for the practicum, first are to develop the ministerial skills that will allow me the opportunity to practice effectively as a healthcare chaplain. Second my goal is to effectively communicate with my patients and their family members, or significant others. Third my desire is to experience and develop a professional collegiality which will enable me to undergo a spiritual transformation. Objective 1: Observation: January 11,Read MoreCommunication Is An Important Aspect Of Effective Clinical Practice1094 Words   |  5 PagesDEOH 202/3- Reflective Essay (Student ID:7559879) The subject of communication is an important aspect of effective clinical practice in dental care. The process involves in a person sending a message to another person with the intention of evoking a response (Oliver, 2010). Communication is successful when the receiver perceives the same information that the sender tries to convey. The ability to comprehend is influenced by individuals development status, perceptionsRead MoreCreating A Program Outcome For Baccalaureate Program1069 Words   |  5 Pagesinter-professional practice. Nurses who graduate from an accredited Baccalaureate program helps to promote, restore, maintain, and advocate for improved health outcome of a diverse population and community. Hence, this paper will highlight three core essentials in a Baccalaureate program and will discuss the rationale for each element and the reason for choosing the program outcomes. Three Essentials in a Baccalaureate Program: Essentially I: Liberal Education for Baccalaureate Generalist Nursing Practice A solidRead MoreReflection On My Learning Skills Development During This Semester1266 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectations was to develop effective communication skills needed in the nursing profession besides effective learning strategies and approaches that will aid in the completion of my nursing program. I believe that my expectations have been attained because I have developed productive communication and learning skills that will help me succeed as a student in higher education and as professional nurse. The learning styles and practices, academic and communication practices have helped me develop competencyRead MoreNursing Theory in Practice1092 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Theory In Practice Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis of Advance Practice September 25, 2011 Introduction Imogene King was the developer of both a Conceptual Framework and a Goal Attainment theory. The Goal Attainment theory is a middle-range theory that originated from the Conceptual System. The primary concepts of Goal Attainment theory are perception, communication, interaction, self role, grow and development, stress, and time and spaceRead MoreSkills and Competencies818 Words   |  4 PagesPatricia Rosemond Elms College Skills and Competencies Nurses for the future-Communication Many people refer to their strong communication skills, but communication is really a competency that relies on a combination of certain skills, behavior and knowledge. To communicate effectively a person may need to understand cultural diversity, have advanced language skills, and behave with patience. Interpersonal communication is essential in every area of life, but it especially critical in the fieldRead MoreEffective Preparation For Business Presentation844 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Effective Preparation for Business Presentation, the author Dr. Jeff Lewis provides excellent guidelines and his personal success tips to prepare business presentations. The book consists of five chapters each building on one another. Dr. Lewis describes details in each chapter focusing on effective communication through presentations. This paper attempts to show the key takeaways from each chapter of the book. The first chapter titled â€Å"Importance of Communicating Well† emphasizes onRead MoreHow Communication Within An Interprofessional Team Could Affect Collaborative Working1670 Words   |  7 PagesHow communication within an interprofessional team could affect collaborative working Hall and Waver ( 2001) defines Interprofessional as a group of professionals from different disciplines such as nurses, doctors, pharmacist that are working and communicating with each other while providing their knowledge, skills and attributes to enhance and support the contributions of others. Suter et al (2009) also said that the ability to work in an interprofessional team to convey collaborative, patient-centeredRead More The importance of Effective Communication in Health-Care637 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication continues to be paramount footing that brings out the naked image of the conveyed message when caring is delivered in the health care system. It is also considered the most efficient way to assure quality and safety patient care with optimistic health outcomes (LaValley, 2008). According to McCaffrey et al., (2010) findings nurses should use emphatic aptitude and clear communication skills to work, as part of a multidisciplinary team and this feature should be incorporate

The Article Should English Be The Law `` By Robert D. King

In the article â€Å"Should English Be the Law?† the author Robert D. King tell us about several civilizations that were influenced by all different types of language. The point is there are countries out there that don’t want a singular language. Some countries such as India in their constitution nineteen different languages are recognized. But then other countries like America a bill was passed in 1996 making English the national language. Truth is every country is different some want a national language and some don’t I feel no one should be forced. The government should just do as the people request. On August 1 of last year [1996] the U.S. House of Representatives approved a bill that would make English the official language of the United States. I honestly believe this is best practice at least for the United States. If everyone speaks English then there is no language barrier within the country. Everyone can go to the store or ask for anything with out a problem. This might help the economy as well because some people who speak another language find it harder to buy anything in an all English-speaking store. I know this from personal experiences since I work in a convenient store. The debate will never stop though. An Arizona law had to be reviewed by the Supreme Court for making it so all government business will be conducted in English. The appeal to the Supreme Court followed a 6-to-5 ruling, in October of 1995, by a federal appeals court striking down theShow MoreRelatedEnglish: The Official Language of the United States Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesofficial language. Many assume that English is the official language of the United States. But despite efforts over the years, the United States has no official language. Because the United States has no official language, it is suffering with large costs. These large costs will lead us on a road to wasteful government expenses, language battles that fuel ethnic resentment, and in the long run serious ethnic and linguistic separatist movements. An official English legislation is the answer to theRead MoreIran s Incessant Quest For Nuclear Capabilities1634 Words   |  7 PagesKarina King Ki ng 1 Ms. Gardner English 10H 3 May 2015 Iran’s incessant quest for nuclear capabilities Iran wants a nuclear program, but do we know the real reason? Iran has been on a constant and neverending search for a nuclear program for numerous years, ever since the program was shut down in 1979. Research has been the only reason for this request to the UN, but what is the real-unofficial- reason the government of the country wants such a program? Supporters of the country’s freedomRead MoreCapital Punishment : The End Of The Death Penalty1669 Words   |  7 Pageswhich bans cruel and unusual punishment. Keywords: death penalty, execution, United States, Europe, Asia, Eighth Amendment, cruel and unusual punishment. Since the formation of governments existed, there has always been a set of rules and laws placed in the countries. Depending on the severity of the crime, the accused would face punishment to the crime. The maximum sentence for a person would be capital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty. As it stands today in the world, capitalRead MoreIn the context of the years 1485 to 1603 to what extent was the government of England dysfunctional in the mid-Tudor period?3559 Words   |  15 Pagestwo ‘regents’† while Mary was seen as an ‘intolerant, dogmatic and neurotic woman who failed to produce an heir’ . Therefore it could be seen that people believed the years of crisis were at their most dysfunctional between the years 1547-1558. W R D Jones argued that Edward and Mary’s reigns were a period of religious disruption, large scale disorder and rebellion alongside the inefficiency and sterility in government and administration, social an d economic problems and disastrous foreign policyRead MoreDefinition Of Due Process. A Requirement That Laws And1888 Words   |  8 PagesDefinition of Due Process A requirement that laws and regulations must be related to a legitimate government interest (as crime prevention) and may not contain provisions that result in the unfair or arbitrary treatment of an individual —called also substantive due process Editor s note: The guarantee of due process is found in the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which states â€Å"no person shall†¦be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† and in the Fourteenth Amendment, whichRead MoreLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 PagesThe history of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to the present day. Over this period, English poets have written some of the most enduring poems in Western culture, and the language and its poetry have spread around the globe. Consequently, the term English poetry is unavoidably ambiguous. It can mean poetry written in England, or poetry written in the English language. The earliest surviving poetry was likely transmitted orally and then written down in versions that doRead MoreThe Political and Social Changes in Western Europe Essay2427 Words   |  10 Pagesthis honor. Pope Gregory VII also suggested people and royals of a kingdom should all look upon Churches because they are the heads of the government. Their decision and opinion should not be questioned and must be followed. On the other hand, Gregory VII has also mentioned the kings and princes were â€Å"raised by pride, plunder, treachery, murder† (Perry, 227), which implied churches were the ultimate virtue and people should worship God. Pope Gregory VII had outlined the rules of the Pope in orderRead MoreThe Great Writ of Liberty1762 Words   |  8 Pagesit is deeply rooted within common laws of social ordinance. Habeas corpus was generally conceived by the English as early as 1215 and signed into law by King John during his short tenner, however, formally recognized in 1679. C ommonly referred to as â€Å"The Great Charter†, The Magna Carta (Archives, 2014) establishes fundamental rights during times the early seventeen hundreds. Formidable English advocates such as Sir Edward Coke was said to utilize such common laws to place accountability upon theRead MoreEssay about Revolutionized Relationship 2155 Words   |  9 Pagesboth the French and English Canadians. English-French relations have always been unstable, ever since the English conquest on the French in the late 1800s. In the twentieth century, this link was further depreciated primarily because of conscriptions during the First and Second World War along with the Quiet Revolution and the October Crisis. Conscription during the First and Second World War was one of the initial major causes that began the deterioration of French-English relations largely becauseRead More Race: Is It a Valid Issue? Essay3192 Words   |  13 Pagesappear until relatively recently. Where did it come from? I will attempt to answer this question as it applies to Blacks and the English in America because great social disparities between these two groups have been created solely on the basis of race. Few other groups could illustrate the point as clearly. From at least the twelfth century AD, the English have been deeply embroiled in a struggle to dominate Ireland. Even in the modern period, they have unsuccessfully tried to eradicate Irish

Directions In Research Theory Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Directions In Research Theory Development? Answer: Introducation The primary aim of this task is to explain the significance of sustainability in Intrepid Travel Company which offers itineraries services to people across the world. It describes about the activities and operations of Intrepid Travel Company. Various macro environment factors may influence the success and growth of the firm adversely. Along with this, the paper explains planning, human resource management, value chain analysis and leadership styles. It describes how sustainability helps to make planning and to improve HRM in an organization. Also, it explains mission, vision, values and sustainable practices in the organization. Intrepid travel is the largest small group adventure travel company. The firm renders more than 1500 itineraries in across 120 countries. The travel destinations include North America, Antarctica, The Middle East, Asia, North America and Australia. The firm was incorporated in 1989 by two Australians. Its headquarter is located in Melbourne Australia. The organization employs more than 1600 employees within the organization. The organizational structure of the company is attractive and effective. Geoff Manchester is the CEO and managing director of the company. All the activities and operations of the company are operated by the top management. The macro environment factors play a significant role to attain long-term success and growth of the firm. The external factors include political, socio-cultural, economic, legal and environmental factors. Apart from this, unique and innovative technologies are used by the firm to explore and flourish its trading activities and operations globa lly. There is high and immense competition in the market which influences the operations and activities of the company. The competitors include Holland America Line, Fleet Pro Passenger Ship management, Freedom, cruise one and Leisure (Intrepid, 2017). Planning and strategy Planning is a management process, concerned with defining goals and objectives for companys future direction and determining the mission and resources to attain those targets. The company develops and builds a plan to run business activities and operations successfully and effectively. The firm cannot survive its business without effective and dynamic planning. The long-term objectives and goals can be attained easily. Apart from this, the company can overcome the risks and challenges of the market through the planning process. Now it can be said that planning is a significant part of the intrepid travel company (Porter and Kramer, 2011). Mission, vision, values and their connection with sustainability The main mission of the company is to provide support to people and companies travel smart for achieving the more outcomes and results. The vision of the company is to become one of the most creative and trusted travel management companies in the world. The main aim of the company is to provide best travel services to the customers across the world. The firm is passionate about shaping the next generation of business travel. The values include innovation, service, integrity, teamwork, and strength. The organization is committed to growing global footprint together with companys customers. Through innovation, the company has been able to solve and handle enormous problems related to management and administration (Bcdtravel,2017). Types of plans and goals setting practices Intrepid Travel Company involves workers in goal setting practices. The company set the long-term objectives and goals to maximize revenue and returns. The top management, managers, and employees work together to fix the objectives and goals for the firm to satisfy the demands and needs of the consumers in the competitive market. There are three significant types of planning which include tactical, strategic and operational planning that help to beat the competitors in the global market. The operational plans are monitored by the specific processes and procedures of Intrepid travel company (Holden, 2012). Approaches to planning and sustainability Planning is the important function of management to accomplish desired outcomes and results. Different theories and approaches are used by the company to increase profitability and results of the firm. The approaches include inactive, reactive, preactive and proactive approach. Instead of traditional methods, the firm uses modern approaches to gain competitive advantages globally. Sustainability plays an integral role in Intrepid Travel Company. Its a travel company so the firm needs to maintain sustainability in the workplace as well as the environment. Along with this, holistic and system approach is initiated by the company to manage the trading activities efficiently. Moreover, sustainability helps to make effective decisions within the organization (Enoch, 2016). Human resource management Human resource management is the important function of Intrepid Travel Company. The firm maintains sustainable HRM to regulate and initiate several legislations, rules, policies, plans and strategies within the organization. Also, it helps to attract and retain more applicants in the global market. They recruit talented, experienced and potential applicants to conduct the business activities easily and smoothly. HR professionals provide cross-cultural training and development coaching to the new candidates. It helps to understand the culture and language of different countries (Nickson, 2013). Competitive strategies The firm uses enormous types of competitive strategies to maintain sustainability in the organization and to manage operations effectively. The company uses various strategies to increase the number of customers in the market. Mainly, intensive growth strategy and porter generic strategy are used by the firm to earn more revenue and outputs within the organization. Intrepid Travel uses porter generic strategy to differentiate its services from competitors. It helps to stay in the competitive market (Evans, Stonehouse, and Campbell, 2012). How has Intrepid Travel Company managed to find the right people and to develop and maintain effective workforce HR professionals are responsible to recruit and select right and appropriate candidate for the job. Various strategies are used by the firm to enlist and procure the employees. HRM uses different recruitment and selection methods, techniques and processes to select a potential candidate for the organization. It will also help to beat the competitors in the organization. Along with this, HR executives motivate and encourage workers to do work effectively and efficiently. Various laws and regulations also have been made to appoint capable and skilled applicant within the organization. HR executives provide assistance and direction to the workers whenever is needed. They are liable to resolve and handle the consequences and issues of employees. Additionally, they also maintain a favorable relationship with employees to increase and improve the level of satisfaction and morale of the employees. The firm follows effective and dynamic selection process to appoint more and more candidates g lobally. In this way, the company has been able to recruit and select right and appropriate candidates in the competitive market (Boella and Goss-Turner, 2013). On the other hand, HR professionals provide rewards, incentives, and bonus to the workers to develop and improve skills and productivity of the employees. They create unique plans and vision to improve and enhance the performance of the people. Apart from this, an action plan is developed and built to reduce various discrepancies and issues. They monitor on the progress and activities of the workers to improve their potential and capabilities. Moreover, they identify and analyze the weakness of the workers to achieve an optimum level of outputs and returns. Sustainable practices in Intrepid Travel HRM activities Sustainability is the ability to maintain an ecological balance in the environment. It plays an integral role in Intrepid Travel Company to meet its mission and vision in the international market. The sustainable practices help to maximize and increase results and revenue of the organization (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung, 2016). Through sustainability, the firm has been able to balance the external factors such as economic, political, socio-cultural, legal and environmental factors. It also helps to stand out against the competitors in the global market. Also, it helps to raise and increase profitability and returns of the organization. Through sustainable human resource management, the company has been able to provide job security and job satisfaction to the workers. Sustainability is an essential process which is carried by the HRM in each and every organization. The company cannot survive its business successfully without sustainable human resource management (Cross, 2011). Leadership Leadership is a process whereby an individual affects a group of individuals to accomplish a common goal and objective. Leadership is the influencing process of followers and leaders to attain mission and vision of the firm. Leaders play an integral role in each and every organization to manage and control the activities of subordinates. They focus the performance and productivity of the employees to maximize the outcomes. Various leadership styles are used by the firm to control and monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of the subordinates (Alkahtani et al, 2011). Leadership styles and effective leadership Various leadership styles are used by Intrepid Travel company to give amazing experiences for travelers of any age on a budget. The firm uses Basix leadership style, original leadership style, and comfort leadership style to provide satisfaction to the travelers. By using these styles, the firm has been able to build and develop a good reputation in the market (Carter, Ulrich, and Goldsmith, 2012). Apart from this, autocratic leadership style, democratic and cross-cultural leadership styles are used and initiated by the leaders to attain competitive benefits in the global market. Also, team leadership style is used by the company to maintain coordination and cooperation among the workers. Leadership also plays a vital role to attain desired targets and goals within the organization. Effective leadership helps to do work in a hassle-free manner. Teamwork is also essential for Intrepid Travel Company to inspire and motivate the subordinates. It also helps to perform tasks and duties ef fectively (Intrepidtravel, 2017). Leadership characteristics and traits The leadership characteristics and traits have been stated below. Leaders are self-motivated to achieve desired expectations and demands. They maintain dynamic standards and policies at the professional level as well as personal level. Leaders also maintain confidence and interpersonal skills to complete task and duties. Along with this, they maintain emotional stability to reduce and eliminate stress and frustration (Steers, Sanchez-Runde and Nardon, 2012). They are honest and creative people with positive attitude. In addition, leaders comprise several other qualities such as maturity, accountability, intelligence, commitment and good communication. Leaders share their knowledge and experience with employees to build and develop their level of confidence. These are the characteristics and traits of the Intrepid Travel Companys leaders. Transformational leadership style is used by a leader in the company to provide guidance to the workers. These types of leaders inspire subordinates to attain remarkable and unexpected results and outputs. They develop and raise morale and motivation among the workers (Northouse, 2015). Sustainability in leadership Sustainability is a primary part of the leadership that helps to fulfill the demands and requirements of travelers. By initiating sustainability practices, the leaders have been able to maintain cooperation and dynamic communication in the organization. Also, it helps to maintain diversity and unique culture in the workplace. Leaders can easily understand structure and strategies of the firm by using sustainability practices. All the market risks and barriers can be managed and controlled by maintaining sustainability in the organization. Intrepid Travel Company cannot achieve sustainability without effective leaders. Leaders should communicate their vision and mission with enthusiasm to influence their organization to commit for the sustainability programs (Hargreaves and Fink, 2012). Controlling the value chain and technology A value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating and managing a specific industry in order to offer valuable products and services for the consumers in the market. Intrepid Travel Company uses value chain process to renders unique and attractive services to travelers in the competitive market. Carbon management is possible by initiating value chain analysis. Intrepid Travel Company is a carbon-neutral travel company. There are 27 offices of carbon-neutral management around the world. With effective value chain analysis, the firm is trying to eliminate and reduce the negative impact of carbon emissions. Along with this, the company is using innovative technologies and value chain process to reduce the adverse environmental impact on trips and global offices. The firm invests huge amount in renewable energy projects to offset carbon emissions (Savitz, 2013). On the other hand, operation management of the firm is unique and attractive to operate and manage the activities and actions successfully. Operation management is an area of management that concerned with designing and controlling the process of production in the organization. With effective operation management, the firm has been able to do effective planning to renders attractive services for travelers. The organization also uses unique supply chain management to increase the number of travelers in the global market. The scope of supply chain and logistics management is wider. In todays modern era, the firm is trying to implement new technologies in the organization. It also focuses on the supply chain management and operations practices globally (Molz, 2012). Sustainability also plays a fundamental role to control value chain and technology in an organization. Action Aid Myanmar provides support to ensure and build sustainability within the organization. Also, it will help to develop skills, accesses resources, and business expansion. Intrepid Travel Companys team continues focuses on the sustainability practices to make dynamic decisions. The firm provides training for the community lodge so that they will be able to source their own guests directly in near future. Womens also participates to manage and handle the sustainability practices and to promote the services of the company. In this way, the company is able to participate in decision-making process (Sigala, 2014). Effective future managerial strategies and recommendations Intrepid Travel company implements several unique and effective managerial future strategies to gain various competitive benefits in near future that have been stated below. Promotional and advertisement strategy: The company must use promotional and advertisement strategies to inspire and encourage people in the world. It helps to increase sales and profits of the firm. It will also help to make a good image and goodwill in the global world (Sigala, Christou and Gretzel, 2012). Pricing strategy: This strategy should be used and initiated by Intrepid Travel Company to attract more and more travelers. The firm should set appropriate prices for trips and travel services. It will help to hit the competitors globally and will provide a good option to make a dynamic image worldwide. Cross-cultural training strategy: The organization should use cross-cultural training strategy to understand and recognize the culture of different nations. It will also help to reduce and eliminate cross-cultural issues and barriers. Apart from this, the firm should appoint an effective team to provide various information related to trips and packages to the customers. They should collect feedback from customers to improve and enhance the services of Travel Company. Conclusion On the above-mentioned study, it has been analyzed and concluded that sustainability plays an integral role to carry out business operations and activities of tourism and travel company. Intrepid Travel is largest adventure travel company. In todays competitive world, the firm is exploring and flourishing its business activities worldwide. Planning, human resource management, leadership and value chain management are the significant part of the firm. Effective planning helps to maintain sustainability within the organization. On the other hand, HRM, leadership styles, value chain and logistics management also help carry sustainability practices effectively and efficiently. It is recommended that the company should focus on the marketing strategies to grow and explore its business in near future. It will also help to stand out against the rivalries in the international market. References Alkahtani, A.H., Abu-Jarad, I., Sulaiman, M. and Nikbin, D., 2011. The impact of personality and leadership styles on leading change capability of Malaysian managers.Australian Journal of Business and Management Research,1(2), p.70. Bcdtravel.2017. Our mission, vision and values, retrieved on 18th January 2018, https://www.bcdtravel.com/au/who-we-are/our-mission-vision-values/ Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Carter, L., Ulrich, D. and Goldsmith, M. eds., 2012.Best practices in leadership development and organization change: how the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership(Vol. 18). John Wiley Sons. Cross, J., 2011.Informal learning: Rediscovering the natural pathways that inspire innovation and performance. John Wiley Sons. Enoch, M., 2016.Sustainable transport, mobility management and travel plans. Routledge. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012.Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor Francis. Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D., 2012.Sustainable leadership(Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Holden, M.E., 2012.Achieving sustainable mobility: everyday and leisure-time travel in the EU. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Intrepid.2017. About us, retrieved on 18th January 2018, https://www.intrepidtravel.com/us/about Intrepidtravel. 2017. Our trip styles, retrieved on 18th January 2018, https://www.intrepidtravel.com/en/about/trip-styles Molz, J.G., 2012.Travel connections: Tourism, technology, and togetherness in a mobile world. Routledge. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Porter, M.E. and Kramer, M.R., 2011. Creating shared value: Redefining capitalism and the role of the corporation in society.Harvard Business Review,89(1/2), pp.62-77. Savitz, A., 2013.The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons. Sigala, M., 2014. Customer involvement in sustainable supply chain management: A research framework and implications in tourism.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,55(1), pp.76-88. Sigala, M., Christou, E. and Gretzel, U. eds., 2012.Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Steers, R.M., Sanchez-Runde, C. and Nardon, L., 2012. Leadership in a global context: New directions in research and theory development.Journal of Worl

Human Rights and Civil Liberties ABC Corner Program

Question: Discuss about theHuman Rights and Civil Liberties for ABC Corner Program. Answer: Introduction The ABC corner program on Australias Shameon shows how the beliefs and the rights of minors or children are infringed. There is a detention prison set up in Australia where minors are locked up, children of about 10 years or even thirteen fourteen years are detained as a way of keeping them in solitary confinement (Australia Australia, 2013). A situation that has been silent for a long period of time until one of the children who was locked up decides to speak out. His name is Jake Roper. He talks of how humiliating the cell confinement was and how minors were suffering and still continues to suffer. The notorious cell where children are confined is known as Don Dale Youth Detention Centre. The uncouth situation that minors go through triggers the interest of one Caro Meldrum who is a reporter to intervene into the situation and get the finer details. After getting finer the detail through the assistance of the indomitable Jake Roper who is majorly determined to speak about the truth and to inform the public about the real situation in the subject prison, Caro Meldrum then decides to collaborate with on Sarah Ferguson who presents the report to the entire Australian public and unmasks the situation. It is a situation that is condemned by many people including prominent professionals like lawyers and even one particular judge by the name Judge Sue Oliver who expresses his discomfort when he usually give his judgments to minors and sending them to the juvenile home in context. Therefore, the status quo presented by the subject detention prison and the brutality attached to it from officers is one that is argued by very key and prominent scholars to have breached a number of areas as we are going to discuss in the subsequent paragraphs (Australia Mitchell, 2005). Main breaches of Australias obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of Racial under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Articles that has been violated under ICCPR) Article 6 has been Violated Under ICCPR The subject area covers mainly factual situations and articles that are generated from ICCPR. The first Australian obligation that is breached is on Article 6 under division 1 of the Australian Human Rights obligation. The purpose of this particular article is to explain the relevance of international human rights law to children. It covers a wider perspective on how children are suppose to be treated and how correctional services are suppose to be designed to fit offering correction to minor (Australia, 2003). This particular article has been violated because a number of young boys are reported to have been mistreated in Don Dale Youth detention. The freedom and right to basic necessities were being denied to the young detainees like the already captured Jake Roper and Jared Sharp. When being interviewed by ABC Corner Program, the two individuals expressed their displeasure of the condition of the detention centre and the brutality that was associated to it (Bayefsky, 2000). The latter personality in the previous statement also mentioned a scenario where they were being stripped naked, tear gassed and even threatened on other grounds. These acts among other major acts proved an aspect of lack of sense for obedience to human rights and therefore breached the Australias obligation under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 7 has also been Violated Under ICCPR The other obligation that is breached is on Article 7 under the Australian obligation. This subject guards against mistreatment and right against torture. It outlines penalties that are supposed to be awarded to individual who breach this particular article under the Australian obligation. The public expressed mixed opinions towards those in charge of Don Dale Youth detention. This is because the detention in context provided an environment that supports torte and other inhuman barbaric methods of punishing young detainees (Byre et al, 2011). The mentioned key areas are argued to have been a breach on Australias obligations that is under International Covenant on Civil and political rights. International civil and political rights are mainly concerned with human rights protection but this has been infringed as discussed in the above paragraphs. Main Breaches of Australia obligation under the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Articles of CERD that have been breached) First Article to be breached Article 2 of CERD The subject convention mainly deals with in respect to the article in context deals with cases of human degradation as seen in ABC report program on the treatment that the young captives were going through were influenced by the fact aspect of race (Commonwealth Secretariat, 2007). The main breach of Australian obligation under the mentioned convention is on the protection on human dignity and other related obligations. Instead the officers who works in detention at Don Dale to exercising equity in offering correctional services to their captives, they treated are treated with contempt. The Second Article to be Breached is on Article 5 of CERD The other obligation of Australias convention on the elimination of racial discrimination is on article 5 that guards against discrimination. In the captured report, the officers are mentioned to have threatened one of the minor who was a girl that should she not behave herself, she will be detained with other people who rape others (Chappell, Chesterman Hill, 2009). This led to fear and even brought withdrawal to the girl. On the same note, she was also discriminated on the basis of her color among other related obligations that were seen to have been a breach Australias obligation under the convention on elimination of racial discrimination. Main Breaches of Australias Obligation under the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment of Ounishment (Article of CAT that has been breached) The main aspect in the Australian Obligation under the convention against torture and other cruel inhuman and degrading treatment is on the treatment that people especially Australian citizens are subjected to and is usually seen as not humane and degrading to the human race. The main breach of Australian obligation under the subject convention is on the treatment of people with dignity and respect and respect of human rights (Featherby, 2011). It is clear that the treatment that was being accorded to the likes of Jake Roper and his colleagues was inhuman and without any sense of dignity at all. A case is mentioned in the ABC report program where at one point; Jake Roper climbed the wall of Don Dale detention and threw a glass piece on one of the officers. His actions were met by fierce reproach that those who watched including one lawyer among the Australian citizens heckled (Feldman, 2002). The officers poke him on the window and after that; they made a call to the riot department. A police dog was brought and Jake Roper had to climb the window to plead for help because he feared the police dog. He had heard history on how police dog usually hunt people down. Therefore he had to struggle for his well being. He pleaded to the officers that he was going to stop his actions but they laughed at him and finally the officers ended by lodging teargas on their room. The young detainees are reported to have cried for help and nobody took note of their cry. This act was seen by humanist experts within Australia as inhuman and condemned it in all sense including the judge who usually pass judgments to minors for detention in the detention centre in question (Foster, 2011). The UN Charter based United Nations Human Rights Institutions, Offices or Procedures that might raise issues about the activities displayed in the ABC Four Corner Program of Australias shame The UN charter based United Nations Human Rights Institution that cares for the rights of all persons within the global sphere. There are usually a number of human right charters that ensure s the rights of people are safeguarded and none is violated. With reference to the question, the UN charter that is committed based United Nations Human Rights Institution that can raise issues on the barbarism displayed by the Don Dale detention from the report of ABC program is that on Human Rights Council, which is a charter that is created under the international human rights treaties (Gearty, 2007). On the same note, the charter is also made up of a number of key experts who are independent and given the mandate to monitor the rights of human beings. The subject charter is likely to involve itself in the circumstances where the officers mistreated the young detainees at Don Dale detention and even question the size of the environment where the young detainees were held. The most issue that the charter may raise is for the government of the day to take full control of the state or the Australian government and ensure that everyone is protected and the right to equality is not ignored at all cost and made applicable to everyone. Brief point by point memorandum to Senator Simone Straightforward in her role of minister representing the attorney general Memorandum one Why the Australian Human Rights Commission is restricted to an inventory and conciliatory role in relation to pieces of Commonwealth anti discrimination legislation The main reason why Australian Human Rights Commission is restricted to both an inventory and conciliatory role in relation to pieces of commonwealth anti discrimination is because of the complaints that have been raised forward that the subject role used is informal and may not offer much (McCormack Simpson, 2016). On the same note, the subject commission is argued to be independent and is allowed to conduct inventory and conciliatory role in relation to the subject, there is a threat of its independency being compromise. It is because of this that the commission in context has to be restricted. Part B Reason for existence of a parallel process for commonwealth anti- discrimination complaints in the Federal Circuit Court and Federal Courts The main reason for the existence of a parallel process for commonwealth anti- discrimination complaint in the two courts in question is because the two courts are of limited jurisdiction. This conveys the meaning that, the courts can only hear those cases that are authorized by the federal statutes. Therefore, being that the commonwealth anti- discrimination complaints are not under federal statutes, it cannot be heard in both the Federal Circuit Court and Federal Courts. On the same view, Commonwealth is an international body that has got various policies that guides its functioning at the international level that includes where it lodges its complaints on cases that are attached to it at the international level (In Haeck In Brems, 2014). Series of well researched draft debating points for affirmative action by the UNE LSS team coach It has been noticed in the recent past that the benefits of Australia Charter of rights have been surprisingly and also unexpectedly been in both their legal positive and in non litigious matters (Michelmann, International Association of Centers for Federal Studies Forum of Federal, 2009). It is out of this debate that I prepare the following series of well researched and draft points for affirmative action. The first point why the Australia charter has been in line with the above subject is because, the charter have got powerful effect on the coming up with new law and also on bringing an improvement in terms of accountability of the Australian government to the Australian people. The Australia charter also makes a difference majorly to the protection of human rights by offering effect to the freedoms that are usually assumed at the initial level. The charter also offers a creation in terms of an Australian reference points against which the proposed laws has to be examined. In support of this, my team will offer an argument that the right thing to be done is on conducting debates on the law in parliament and also within the community primaries (Stone, 2014). The other point is on the concern that the charter offers an allowance with reference to any law that is already documented on the book; it offers determination of whether there is a breaching on human rights. The final key concern that enables the charter to be viewed in terms of how it is viewed is that, the charter marks a vital shift that is not only applicable to the law alone but also on how politics is approached and the policies that are of government nature. My team will offer support to this with regards to legal practice and also by mentioning that it ensures that basic freedom and the dignity of human being are taken into keen concern at the earliest time possible of both the development of law as well as policy. Nevertheless, my team will not forget to include the fact that an Australian charter owns and the current definition as explained in the question objectivity because it is seen to be at the guard of human rights and freedom against any form of violation from any source. References Australia Australia. (2013). Parliamentary debates (Hansard): Senate. Canberra: Commonwealth Govt. Printer. Australia Mitchell, R. (2005). Human rights and the Migration Act 1958: April 1985. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service. Australia. (2003). Parliamentary debates (Hansard). Canberra: Commonwealth Government Printer. Bayefsky, A. F. (2000). Human rights and forced displacement. The Hague [u.a.: Nijhoff. Byre, A. D., Byfield, B. Y., Interights (Organization), Organisation of Commonwealth Caribbean Bar Associations., Workshop on the International Protection of Human Rights. (2011). International human rights law in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Commonwealth Secretariat. (2007). Comparative study on mandates of national human rights institutions in the Commonwealth. London, U.K: Commonwealth Secretariat. Chappell, L. A., Chesterman, J., Hill, L. (2009). The politics of human rights in Australia. Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Featherby, J. (2011). Global business and human rights: Jurisdictional comparisons. London: European Lawyer/FutureLex. Feldman, D. (2002). Civil liberties and human rights in England and Wales. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Fenwick, H., Kerrigan, K. (2008). Civil liberties and human rights, 2007-2008. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Foster, S. (2011). Human rights and civil liberties. Harlow: Longman. Gearty, C. A. (2007). European civil liberties and the European convention on human rights: A comparative study. The Hague [u.a.: Nijhoff. In Haeck, Y., In Brems, E. (2014). Human rights and civil liberties in the 21st Century. In Hellum, A., In Aasen, H. S. (2013). Women's human rights: CEDAW in international, regional, and national law. McCormack, T. L. H., Simpson, G. J. (2016). The law of war crimes: National and international approaches. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Michelmann, H. J., International Association of Centers for Federal Studies., Forum of Federations. (2009). Foreign relations in federal countries. Montreal [Que.: Published for Forum of Federations = Forum des feÃÅ' deÃÅ' rations and iacfs, International Association of Centers for Federal Studies by McGill-Queen's University Press. Stone, R. (2014). Textbook on civil liberties and human rights.

Andrew Marvell`S To His Coy Mistress Essays - To His Coy Mistress

Andrew Marvell`S ?To His Coy Mistress? The Argument of the Poem Andrew Marvell in ?To His Coy Mistress,? presents an argument of love to readers. The argument comes from the speaker, a man to a woman, or to we the audience. The first half of the poem is the speaker trying to woo her. Then the speaker says that they are running out of time and death is upon them. Marvell's argument begins with if we had all the time in the world then we could take the time to love: Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime. We would sit down, and think which way to walk, and pass our long love's day. (1-4) Then he tries to prove to this shy woman the amount of time he would spend admiring her. He says that he would love her from the beginning of time until Judgment Day: Love you ten years before the Flood, and you should, if you please, refuse till the conversion of the Jews. (8-9) He has a large, slow growing nature of affection, and he will spend all of his years admiring all the parts of her body: My vegetable love should grow vaster than empires, and more slow; and hundred years should go to praise thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze; two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest; an age at least to every part, and the last age should show your heart. (11-18) He says that the length of time is all right due to her beauty: For, lady, you deserve this state, nor would I love at lower rate. (19) The argument now changes to its darker side. Marvell uses metaphors to say that time is passing by quickly and death awaits them: Time's winged chariot hurrying near; and yonder all before us lie deserts of vast eternity. (22-24) He makes reference to a grave and a burial service saying that it is an unsuitable place for lovers to embrace: Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound my echoing song; then worms shall try that long-preserved virginity, and your quaint honor turn to dust, and into ashes all my lust: the grave's is a fine a private place, but none, I think, do there embrace. (26-32) The final part of the poem gives reference to sex. He speaks of the youthful freshness of her skin and of her passion. Next he uses a metaphor, which can be translated into pouncing upon each other: And now like enormous birds of prey, rather at once our time devour than languish in his slow-chapped power. (38-40) He is seemingly telling her what he wants, asking if he can enter into her womb: Let us roll all our strength and all our sweetness up into a ball, and tear our pleasures with rough strife thorough the iron gates of life: thus, though we cannot make our sun stand still, yet we will make him run. (41-46) The sun represents time, and man cannot move the sun, therefore, he cannot make time stand still proving mans inability to live forever. The last line states that they can make whatever they want out of life, or make their own sun run. He went from trying to get her in his bed by displaying his utmost admiration of her, to death is right around the corner. Marvell was saying that you cannot cheat death or time, all you can do is make the most of it. He uses the word ?Now? to make a point that life is now. Ironically, Marvell gave the image of light and the image of brightness, with his use of the sun and the ?instant fires,? to give a luster and to show the idea of her giving up her shyness or coyness. This contrasted with the darkness, and essential remorse that life is not eternal, which is the key to getting what he wants from her. English Essays

21 Unprofessional Habits That Will Keep You From Getting The Job

21 Unprofessional Habits That Will Keep You From Getting The Job We all have our bad habits. And the world of getting and holding down a job is hard enough without them seeping in to sabotage us. Here are 21 of the most unprofessional habits you should break to make sure your job-getting (or keeping) is never in jeopardy. 1. SloppinessDon’t let careless grammar or spelling mistakes affect your future. Proofread everything you do- from your resume to your performance review. You don’t want your  work thrown out before it’s even read!2. Lack of PreparationDo your homework, particularly for the job interview. Show you are self-starting enough to realize what preparation is appropriate and necessary to get the job done. Getting this right shows you understand the responsibilities involved in everything you sign up for.3. Trying too Hard to Get AttentionLet your resume stand out because of its content and your merits, not because of fancy formatting or fonts- or worse, colorful paper.4. Your Vices (Right Pre-Interview)Smoking and drinking may seem innocuous to you, but your interviewer (and your boss) will be able to smell both on you, and neither show you in a favorable light.5. Bad HygieneJust shower before every job interview. Just do. And probably also before every shift you work.6. LatenessLateness is a very bad habit in general, but before a job interview it can be a death knell. Plan to be 15 minutes early; the worst case scenario will leave you time to pee and check your appearance before walking in.7. TextingWhile you’re waiting for your interview (you’re early! good job!), do your best not to spend that extra time texting. This makes you look bored. Try a magazine instead- or a company brochure.8. Public GroomingGrooming is important, but keep it to the restroom. Don’t touch up your makeup or comb your hair- or worse, put on deodorant- in public or in the waiting room.9. OverpackingLeave your latte, your water bottle, your gym bag, and maybe even your telephone in your car. Wa lk in with your resume, your portfolio, and perhaps a briefcase, but nothing else.10. Overly Casual AttireDressing down is never a good idea. Dress for the job you want- not the one you have, or even the one you’re applying for. This can be tricky; the last thing you want to do is err too far on the side of formal, but do try to strike the balance (or risk looking unprofessional).11. Speaking Before You ThinkFrom the moment you walk in and introduce yourself to the receptionist, you need to be careful what you say. Every word out of your mouth in the interview process will be judged- and should be. Speak accordingly.12. InformalityThis doesn’t mean being super cordial and speaking like Shakespeare. But it does mean not leading with â€Å"Yo!† when your interviewer introduces herself.13. A Bad AttitudeAvoid arrogance, project self-confidence, and do not, whatever you do, bad mouth former employers, companies, or your former boss. Stay positive and get a positive reaction.14. TMIYou’re there to convince the company you’re the perfect person for that job. You want to give them a sense of who you are, but there is a line. Don’t cross it and veer too far into oversharing.15. ShynessHumility is great. And arrogance is awful. But do try your best to mask your shyness and timidity. You don’t want anyone thinking you’re too meek and won’t be able to contribute effectively to the team.16. CursingJust don’t. There is no place for swear words or foul language in the interview- or in the workplace.17. InterruptingWhatever you have to say can wait. Let your interviewer at least finish their sentence first before you speak.18. FibbingEven a little embellishing here and there is unwise. Chances are, your interviewer will look into your background and you will get caught. That’s the job lost. Stick to the facts, but present them at their best.19. Bad Body LanguageIt’s important to say the right thing, but even if you do, you could still derail the proceedings with hostile, bored, or shifty body language. Don’t forget what your hands, head, and legs are doing while you’re speaking.20. OvereagernessNo matter how much you want the job- and it is important to convey that- do your best not to appear too eager. I.e., don’t ask â€Å"So did I get the job?† or â€Å"Did I do okay?†21. Lack of GraciousnessFollow up. Write a thank you note immediately after your interview– handwritten if possible. Even if you don’t think it went well, it’s important to be gracious and say thank you like a grown up.

Major Sources of Inflation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major Sources of Inflation - Research Paper Example However, it is the duration of recession that determines whether the recession is harmful or not. Ideally, cyclic recession should end in few months and should initiate the process of recovery. Although, USA is one of the safest economies of the world, even then its history is pervaded with periods of recession at frequent intervals. In this essay, we are going to look at the recession of 1973-1975 and compare it with the crisis that hit the world in the second quarter of 2007. (Amadeo, 2010). The recessionary period which started in the year 1973 lasted almost 16 months before finally ending in March 1975. There were several causes that contributed to the intensity of this recession. The major reason behind this troublesome period was that the USA had gone off of the gold standard and had started to print more currency. This was the fundamental reason that initiated the recession. In the first phase, this printing of money resulted in inflation. This can be explained by a simple phenomenon of two much money chasing too few goods. When the government prints more money, more money is accumulated in the people’s hands and they start spending more. However, if the increase in the production of goods and services is less than the speed at which the quantity of money is growing, it leads to recession as people then are prepared to pay high prices for goods which are less than the aggregate demand. Similarly at the same time, the government had started wage-control measu res which increased the cost of production and many firms made the expensive workers redundant and started producing at a capacity below the maximum capacity. This initiated a cycle where less production and high wages resulted in inflation and a never ending spiral was created. As a result of this recession hit the US economy. At the same time, USA’s GDP started falling and there were three consecutive period of negative growth. In 1974’s third

An Engineering Product Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

An Engineering Product Development Plan - Essay Example An approximate potential size (volume) reduction of 20-30% can be achieved in notebook devices and up to 70% in desktop PCs. There are fewer security threats since the device is memoryless once its power supply is turned off and there is a clear privacy edge since a user's full computer would reside in the user's pocket, key chain, or the like depending on the used storage medium. The development does not target major hardware and enclosure re-designs. It is in the proof of concept's advantage to virtually eliminate hardware re-design and minimize same for enclosures. Motherboards designed for desktops can be used with minor adaptation for the reduced desktop configuration as well as a desk/kiosk mountable configuration for public use. The laptop motherboard layout would still be used for smaller laptops, possibly with more creative enclosure design to reduce the overall carry-on size, while maintaining a reasonable screen size. The product development plan is organized as follows. ... The laptop motherboard layout would still be used for smaller laptops, possibly with more creative enclosure design to reduce the overall carry-on size, while maintaining a reasonable screen size. The product development plan is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a topical product description that caters for the main newly introduced issues by the UC concept. Section 3 discusses specifics of alternative technologies to be used in the implementation. Section 4 presents the business case and market segmentation. The development plan and the related funding and financial plan are described in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. Section 7 discusses potential economic and technological risks. A conclusion is provided in Section 8. Product Description The UC physical architecture is similar to that of a desktop or a laptop, except that in either case the processor box is much smaller. Other peripheral input and output devices; namely screen, keyboard, and mouse are not subject to change; but may be subject to subsequent creative adjustments that could take advantage of the size reduction. The processing box may consist of one PCB (we may still call it a mother board) with the following components: Processor with cache memory RAMs NVRAM containing machine language device drivers VGA card or equivalent Audio drivers and outlets A minimum of 4 USB 2.0 or Firewire interfaces: one for each of the mouse and keyboard, and 2 for portable external storage units (alternatively Bluetooth could be used for the mouse and keyboard) Network drivers for Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth The following devices are taken outside of the box: The hard disk(s)-replaced by external

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychology - Essay Example This sort of experiment usually helps in finding out the criticality and success of a new technique or process and the effect on individuals. Such experiments are often conducted in understanding the effect of fertilizers on crop yield. Random selected fields are assigned experimental treatment and the ones left are used as Control groups. (Babbie, 2010 pp. 240-244)   Insecure ambivalent attachment: John Bowlby, who described attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings, developed the earliest attachment theory. This is shown in case of mothers and infants where infants create a sense of security when mothers are available and responsive to their needs. The insecure ambivalent persons are usually overwhelmed with their emotions and often find themselves unable to think rationally about events. Often their ability to bring things to perspective is drowned by their inability to think. This is due to the fact that basic emotional and physical needs are not being met and hence they often show intense anger, enrage, infuriation, frustration and impatience. Fear of conflict or rejection is high among insecure ambivalent adults. In case of ambivalently attached children, they become very distressed when their parent leaves. These children do not depend on their caregiver when they are in need.   This is seen when a child becomes anxious when its mother leaves, however on reunion, it is pleased that the mother has returned but at the same time also angry and doesn’t trust her to stay. (Goodman, 1997 pp.199-207)   Principle of Closure: The principle of closure implies people seek closure as a form of release from tension. People when threatened seek the closure of safety. People anticipate closure for gaining pleasure. Shopping is accompanied with the anticipated completion of purchase that would give pleasure. The mind works to towards seeing that has not already happened or may not be visible yet. This is seen in Gestaltâ€℠¢s principle of closure, which says that the human mind tends to complete figures although a considerable part of the information is missing. The mind matches it with patterns that are already familiar even if it hasn’t received the complete information. This is also speculative of a survival instinct, which takes the form of a predator that can go ahead with incomplete information. In a person’s thinking, closure comes in two places. The first instant is when an individual understands something and derives meaning out of it. The next instant of closure happens when a decision is taken about some pending issues. Closure helps individuals focus on futures by closing doors of confusions of the past. (Osborn & Osborn, 2004 pp.188-190)   Systematic Desensitization: This technique was developed by Joseph Wolpe for treatment of individuals suffering from anxiety related disorders and phobias. It is centered on the principles of classical conditioning and the understanding that whatever an individual had learned can be unlearned. Researches’ have shown that it is an effective method of reducing panic attacks and anxiety that are often associated with fearful situations. The process starts with imagining oneself in fearful situations and using relaxing strategies to counter it. Once an individual can start doing that, he/she gradually starts desensitizing to factors triggering such panic (Ankrom, 2009). The major focus areas in the process to make an individual

Impact of Training and Development case study of mobilink

Impact of Training and Development case study of mobilink The working title of the study is initially drafted as Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and the Organisation Case Study of MOBILINK. In particular, the research will focus on how training and development affects the performance of both employee and the Organisation. Employees are increasingly demanding change, choice, flexibility, and variety in their work; suggesting that with the de-layering of organizations and  empowerment  of individual employees, the future for both the organization and the individual lies not in promotion to successively higher levels of management, but rather in developing the value of the individual as human capital (Seidler, 1996). The value of human capital is enhanced by acquisition of higher performance potential such as new tasks, functions, and KSAPs (knowledge, skills, abilities, personal attributes) (McGregor, 1988). The paper discusses in detail the research proposal of the topic. Training and Development (TD) basically deals with the acquisition of understanding, knowledge, techniques and practice. In this research proposal, the background and problem of the study are presented; the objectives of the study are formulated. Here, vital concepts, questions and assumptions are stated. Finally, the methodology to be used is discussed. Research Problem: The key problem that will be addressed in this study is how TD affects the performance of both employees and the Organisation. The following research questions will be given answer to in the course of the study. Discussion of the Employee Training and Development in MOBILINK. i.e. in what specific ways does TD improve the performance of the staff and organisation. Discussion about other supportive elements or approaches that enhance the Training and development requirements according to the globalisation. Conclude the effects as much as the benefits that the employee can get and the positive return for the business in carrying out of training and development. I will use the case study method that will permit my study to observe, evaluate and formulate its own analysis concerning to the subject of training and development. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study is to simply establish the sound answer on the effects of the training and development on employees and the organisation. The research specifically examines the employee training and development program within the  Organisation and their positive return to the business. Moreover the study provides discussions made by other authors regarding employee training and development. The study believes that training has a big relationship on the level of understanding, knowledge, and skill of an employee. In other way, the training also creates a big advantage for the organization in their incorporation that can be admitted as part of the organizational system. In addition, the training can comes in different forms and should not be stick in one training strategy or techniques for there are many reasons that might trigger to its development. Objectives of the Study: The primary objective of this study is to investigate how effective is employee training and development at MOBILINK. In employee training and development literature, human resource is the greatest source of the improvement of a business. Likewise, it is necessary to study the current practices in company training and development that are supposed to contribute to the enhancement of the employees skills and organisational performance.   To address this objective, the researcher will conduct a survey on the new employees perception of their training under Mobilink. Moreover, the survey intended to find out if new employees were satisfied with their jobs in their first four weeks in the company. In addition, management personnel were interviewed to evaluate their views on effective employee training and development program and on employee retention and attrition. Literature Review: Training and development is essential to organizations which seek to gain a competitive advantage through a highly skilled and flexible workforce, and are seen as a major element to high productivity and quality performance. A skilled workforce can increase productivity by producing a higher level of work with greater value. The organisations seek to ensure the availability of reliable workforce to aid in the realisation of its strategic business plan. To achieve this goal, the company should train and development career (Wilson, 2005). It is worth noting that different companies have different approaches to their business.Further, education seems to be the same for the students of the same profession. This has the indication that the ultimate skills and experience enjoyed by the employee reflects their training in a particular organisation (Wilson 2005,p.102).Employee engagement practices are instrumental in promoting employee commitment to the mission and objectives of an organisation. According to the principles of effective human resource management, training and Development of employees is one of the reliable tools of ensuring their satisfaction at the w orkplace (Bureau of Labour Statistics, 2009). This is due to the fact that training eliminates the demoralisation aspects brought by failure to efficiently realise ones expectations at the workplace. In addition, training gives employees an opportunity to achieve their professional career goals while earning a living. All these are important are important in meeting the social and economic responsibilities of both the individual and the organisation.Training and career development serves the important role of strengthening the reputation of an organisation. Reputation remains the best marketing tool for the products and services of any business. On the other side, the reputation of a company is defined by the effectiveness and reliability of its services to the customers (Aidele 2009, p.76). This means that an organisation should have in place a strong workforce to meet its market demands. This calls for engaging in employee training and career development since such is vital tools in promoting innovative solving of problems. Still, providing training and development gives the organisation the competitive advantage of identifying the best talent for its workforce as it eliminates certification qualifications to engage in seeking actual capabilities of its employees. Business leaders are always looking forward for the success of the organization and therefore, they should create a kind of strategy that can undergo the midst of challenges (Meek, 2007). Historically, the training suggests that there are benefits that the training might deliver in the entire organization. One predictable result is the improvement in the level of performance of the people. Another is the minimization of the organizational cost and the capacity of the employees to answer the consumer needs (Shea, 2008). Many people have seen Training and Development as inseparable but according to the report ,Developing the Developers by Megginson Pedler (1991) its been shown that most managers viewed Training Development as different and wanted to keep them as two separate terms. This report made the following definition; Training: The relatively systematic attempt to transfer knowledge or skills from one who knows to one who does not know. Development: Working with individuals or organisation to enable them to cross a threshold which has qualitative significance to them and their life. The importance of employee training and development has long been recognized as a crucial issue for businesses (Ford et al., 1997).There are many elements involve in perusing the training and development in an organization. In organizational view, the active employee involvement and training is considered as one of the strategic concerns of the organizational leaders. Organizations personalized different training and development processes and procedures that can achieve the best result in the businesss sustainability. People, as the key for the organization, are the main target of the training therefore the training among the business leader help them to provide the valid reason in creating the appropriate decision for the entire organization or/and have a great impact on their managerial skills and styles (Johnson, 2001; Farvaque, et al., 2009) Furthermore, the training and development for some business analysts were considered as a partnership or enhancing the employer-employee relationship (2009). Human capital is treated as a key to success for all industries. Human Resource Management practices play a pivotal role to gain profitability and market share that ultimately enhance the organizational performance in long run (Qureshi, 2006). But in the current scenario, enterprises are facing problems in terms of scarcity of brilliant workforce, dramatic rise in Retirements, poaching of key people by competitors, and increasing turnover. As the business environment becomes increasingly competitive, organizations need to focus on improving all areas of their business especially human capital because the performance of the people employed has a major impact on profitability (Lloyds, 2010).It is now commonly accepted that employees create an important source of competitive advantage for firms. As a result, it is important that a firm should adopt best TD practices to make best use of its employees. The above trend has led to increased interest in the impact of HRM on organizational performance, and a number of studies have found a positive relationship (Gelade and Iivery, 2003). Research studies have demonstrated that training has a positive influence on organizational performance. Zwick (2006) stated that increasing the training intensity has a positive and significant effect on establishment of productivity. In the same way Bartel (1991) also demonstrated a direct and positive relationship between productivity and training program. The amount of training is an important antecedent for firms who wish to improve their productivity (Savery and Luks, 2004). But Cunha (2002) found no significance of training on organizational performance. Moreover, effective staff training and professional development can help to produce positive youth outcomes and increase retention of youth workers (Fancsali 2002, Huebner et al. 2003, Astroth et al. 2004, Hartje et al. 2007). There are many models of training and development that have made greater progress into organizational settings, which have began to have a greater impact on instructional design. Specifically, Instructional Systems Design (ISD), Human Performance Technology (HPT), Performance-Based Instructional Design (PBID), and Total Quality Management (TQM), all of which originate from research in the area of organizational development. Role of Theory: Training and Development has been increasingly used in the literature as well as in the Business world as a critical concept redefining the borders between business, society and State. Extensive literature exists on the concept of T D. For the purpose of my research, I will use the theories developed about it. Methodology and Methods: Research Approach: I will get most of my research information through the books, Journals, Internet and newspaper articles. Webster and Watson (2002) states that the major contributions are likely to be in the leading journals. It can also come from some Official documents provided by the clients such as information about their system, IT infrastructure, training facilities and others. Information can also come from official policy manuals, plans and other stuff which is not confidential for the company. Research Context: My case study will be focus on MOBILINK Pakistan, exploring its methodology of Training and Development to streamlining and improving the efficiency of its employee and the organisation. Given below is the brief introduction of Mobilink and Training and Development used in the organization: MOBILINK Introduction: Orascom Telecom Holding S.A.E. (Orascom Telecom) or (OTH) was established in 1998 and has grown to become a major player in the telecommunication market in the world. OTH is considered among the largest and most broaden network operator in the Middle East, Africa Pakistan. Mobilink GSM (PMCL), a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom, was awarded a license in July, 1992 and started its operations in 1994, and has become the market leader both in terms of growth as well as having the largest customer subscriber base in, Pakistan a base of over 30 million and growing. Mobilink provides the most extensive network coverage footprint across Pakistan through an integrated technology infrastructure in more than 5,000 cities, towns, villages, and countless remote destinations, including International Roaming in 110 countries through 300 partner operators. There are about 5000 employees currently working in Mobilink of which 4500 are working on permanent basis and 500 on temporary basis, with average of more than 800 employees hired every month. Among them approximately 5% are managers and operatives are 40%, rest are either contractual or not directly related to core business. Training and Development in MOBILINK: On contacting personnel in the Mobilink office it was found out that Mobilink mostly trains its employees by On Job Training which means that the employees are trained as they perform their jobs and along with their duties. The manager or supervisor guides them how to perform their jobs and guides them to efficiency in the work. Internees are trained in various departments and then mostly hired by Mobilink itself and their training is basically teaching them the ropes and the basics of everything. On a general basis the training done in Mobilink can be divided into two categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Soft skill training à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Technical Training Graham Burke, One of the the President PMCL Mobilink, said Mobilink will provide proper training programmes to its employees in order to make them more aware of their responsibilities Sampling Plan: Sampling involves taking a certain number of people to get them contributed in the research by taking their views about a matter or conduction of interviews about the topic under research. To add to emphasis to the studys purpose to analyse respondents opinion, interviews will be conducted from relevant persons in Mobilink. Data Acquisition Method: Primary data will be collected by adopting a qualitative approach by taking different focus groups, this will provide insight and inform the interview process (Threlfall,199;Gilbert,2008). I will conduct structured interviews from few of the employees in Mobilink. Interviews will be recorded. Observation sheet will be filled by the researcher during the interview whereas some of the modifications will be made if necessary to explore a particular issue irrelevant to Training Development. Project Planning: Time Scales: The part of the research dealing with data collection from secondary sources will take approximately 4-6 weeks. Compiling and analysing of data collected from interviews and observations will take 6-8 weeks approximately. Final research will provide the study hypothesis in 6-12 weeks approximately. Quantitative method can be used for measuring, qualitative tools require a strong reserve of insight and reflection to tease important patterns out of a body of observation (Babble, 2010, pp.51).The size and scope of these was limited to cost, but the study seeks to be representative of the main classifications of members and main geography, although this remains a popular methodology (Stokes and Bergin, 2006). For this purpose by using Sampling which involves taking a certain number of people to get them participated in the research by taking their opinion about a matter or conduction interview about the topic under research. To add to emphasis to the studys purpose to analyse respondents opinion, interviews will be conducted from relevant persons in Mobilink, for this purpose researcher will go to Pakistan in February for getting the require data. Ethical Issues: In order not to interfere with the daily timings of the interviewees, I will arrange timings with the manager of the Mobilink during my visit to Pakistan in February 2011 these Questionnaires will not last for a long period of time , the confidentiality of respondents identity is my foremost responsibility not to disclose it to some one else. Discussion: Provisional work Schedule:

Macbeth As A Tragic Hero :: essays research papers

Shakespeare uses many forms of imagery in his plays. Imagery, the art of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. Each detail in his imagery contains an important symbol of the play. These symbols need to be understood in order to interpret the entire play. Within the play ‘Macbeth’ the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his “disgraceful self'; from his eyes and others. . Shakespeare wants to keep alive the contrast between the pitiful creature that Macbeth really is and the disguises he assumes to conceal the fact. Macbeth is constantly represented symbolically as the wearer of robes not belonging to him. He is wearing an undeserved dignity, which is a point well made by the uses of clothing imagery. The description of the purpose of clothing in Macbeth is the fact that these garments are not his. Therefore, Macbeth is uncomfortable in them because he is continually conscious of the fact that they do not belong to him. In the following passage, the idea constantly reappears, Macbeth’s new honors sit ill upon him, like loose and badly fitting garments, belonging to someone else:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New honors come upon him   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like strange garments,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cleave not to their mould   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But with the aid of use (I, iii, 144-145) This passage is clearly demonstrating that Macbeth cannot fit in these garments. They are not meant to and the clothing imagery is therefor effective. The second form of imagery used to add to the atmosphere is the imagery of darkness. Macbeth, a Shakespearean tragedy contains and demonstrates the darkness in a tragedy. In the play, the design of the witches, the guilt in Macbeth’s soul and the darkness of the night establish the atmosphere. All of the remarkable scenes take place at night or in some dark spot, for instance; the vision of the dagger, the murder of Duncan, the murder of Banquo and Lady Macbeth’s sleep walking. Darkness symbolizes many things such as evil and death in the play. Thus is evident when Macbeth calls on night to come so that he can proceed with Duncan’s murder. Macbeth says:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not thee wound makes Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark (I, v, 51-53) Macbeth calls on thick night to come cloaked in the blackest smoke so that it may not reveal or witness his evil deed and black desires.

Pilgrimage Toward Social Equality

The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 declaring African’s freedom from slavery and officially making them part of the United States was mandated a century prior to Martin Luther King Jr’s historical speech calling for social justice and abolition of racial discrimination against African Americans. Between the two historical periods, the black communities all over America have suffered subtle and savage forms of discrimination and oppression from the whites. The black community strived to seal their place in society amidst hostility and negative criticisms.One short story that very well illustrates their struggles is Ralph Ellison’s Battle Royal. The story provides a very descriptive narration of a black man’s pilgrimage to overcome oppression from an overly-racist community ruled by the economically-powerful white men and to find his opportunity to shape the destiny of his people. This paper aims to provide a vivid presentation of inhumane and savage oppre ssion that the African Americans encountered in Southern America before gaining their voice and place in American society.Battle Royal was narrated in a first-person perspective with a nameless narrator. He suggests that twenty years back, he has been struggling to find his own identity through other people’s acceptance and affirmation. He further explained that his dilemma for self discovery rooted from his grandfather’s last words on his deathbed, â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’s mouth. I want you to overcome ‘em, with yeses, undermine ‘em with grins, agree ‘em to death and destruction. Let ‘em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open.† (Ellison, 2000, p 935) He calls his grandfather’s lines a â€Å"curse† haunting him whenever he feels accepted as the narrator describes, â€Å"When I was praised for my conduct, I felt a guilt that in some way, I was doing something that was really against the wishes of the white folks, that if they had understood they would have desired me to act just the opposite, that I should have been sulky and mean, and that they really would have been what they wanted, even though they were fooled and thought they wanted me to act as I did.†(Ellison, 936) The narrator’s statement represents his mindset of his actions and attitude toward the white folks. His current partially confused mindset is influenced by his grandfather’s words. In layman’s term, his grandfather’s words can be translated to a call to action to fight a good fight by acting according to the opponent’s will until they take you all in with acceptance until they destruct themselves in their own volition.One such incident where the orator became accepted and triumphant is when he delivered a graduation speech, which he describes by saying, â€Å"On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the ver y essence of progress. (Not that I believed this — how could I, remembering my grandfather? — I only believed that it worked)† (Ellison 938). His speech received accolades from his professors that he was given the opportunity to deliver it again in a â€Å"gathering of the town’s most leading white citizens†.When he arrived at the venue where he was supposed to deliver his speech, he was informed that before delivering his speech, he needs to join the Battle Royal. The hotel he’s in at that moment was indeed full of economically powerful people all dressed up with their tuxedos, intoxicating themselves with whiskey, and getting themselves a good spot among the chairs neatly lined up along the three corners of the ring. Inside the ring, a pool of black men were lined up blindfolded and were forced to do engage in a violent boxing war against each other.After torturous moments of fighting like headless chickens on the ring, the narrator was abl e to see slightly behind his blindfold. His awareness enabled him to keep a good fight without drawing attention to himself so the white men wouldn’t notice that he’s starting to dodge his hits. In the end of the first round, the narrator remained on the ring together with the biggest boy in the group to fight. While they were fighting it out on the ring, the narrator tried to negotiate with his opponent by scripting the fight and he’ll give him a proportion of the winning pot.His opponent refused and they continued to fight until the narrator was knocked out. Allegorically, the narrator’s unexpected battle before delivering his speech is a symbolic representation of the African American’s years of pains and struggles before they were given the chance to be heard. The battle royal may well represent the fights that black men wage against each other just to gain money, position, and prominence, as is the case of the narrator’s opponent.The co ncept of the fighters blindfolded can be allusion to some of the black men’s blindness of allowing the economically powerful white men to use them as a means of entertainment as if they were freaks of nature. After the first round, the fighters were then called out again for another round of activity where they were attracted to scourge over gold coins and bills scattered in a rug. They urged the fighters to gather the coins for themselves saying it’s all good â€Å"American cash†. In the process, they soon discovered that the rug was electrified.This narration emphasized the white men’s racism through barbaric treatment to the black men, as they treat them like animals. When the show ended, all the participants were paid and the narrator was about to leave the nightmare when the MC called him back to deliver his speech in the congregation of intoxicated people who have earlier gained pleasure through his pains. The narrator proceeded to deliver his Booke r T. Washington inspired speech while trying to conceal his aching physique while gulping down his blood.The narrator described that his audience continued with their incessant chatting and laughter as he delivers his speech and though he was tempted to do something else, the presence of the school superintendent who is still closely listening to him kept him going. In the process of his oration and swallowing his own blood, the narrator accidentally yelled â€Å"social equality†, a phrase had â€Å"often seen denounced in newspaper editorials, heard debated in public. † (Ellison, 940)Upon uttering the word, a deep silenced covered the whole room and the narrator received hostile reactions from his intoxicated audience, until a mustached man asked him upfront what he just said, and he got the chance to correct himself. The interrogator then asked him if he’s not being smart and that social equality was indeed a mistake. The narrator nodded and the man dropped th is statement, â€Å"We mean to do right by you, but you’ve got to know your place at all times. † (Ellison, 944)This man’s powerful statement is a general representation of the white men’s attitude towards racism over the negroes. They are aware of such discrimination, but they gain pleasure in treating them as inferior human beings as it constantly feeds them the feeling of superiority and power. The man’s statement may mean well as to change the narrator’s current status but he commands him to keep his head and mouth in its’ proper place. Upon the end of his speech, he was greeted with applauses as if the entire audience listened with so much enthusiasm to his speech.The school superintendent then came up to the stage to present him with a gift- a scholarship to the State College of Negroes. He then turned to the narrator and addressed him, â€Å"Prize it. Keep developing as you are and someday, it will be filled with important pap ers that will help shape the destiny of your people. † (Ellison, 947) The scholarship the narrator received is a symbol of an opportunity presented to him to â€Å"shape the destiny of his people†. That by going to college, he might become more knowledgeable and able so as to create a better society for his people.The scholarship becomes the first step to his pilgrimage towards social equality. Battle Royal is a very compelling short story that Ralph Ellison eventually made it the first chapter of his greatly-acclaimed novel, the â€Å"Invisible Man†. Every black man in that horrifying period might have been represented by the nameless narrator and all the pain he was inflicted during the Battle Royal is a representation of every black man’s pain and struggle for years.If the readers at that period view it as an allegory to the harsh conditions of the African American people within the American society, it would have been a wakeup call to those who were op pressed to unite and to those oppressors to change the society. References: Ellison, Ralph. â€Å"Battle Royal. † Making Literature Matter. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2000. Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Invisible Man. New York: Random House, 1952.

The Snapper essays

The Snapper essays The Snapper. In Barrytown, Dublin, where the Rabbitte family lives, they call a little baby a snapper. This book is mostly about Sharon whos pregnant, so that is why the book is called the snapper. It is a novel of manners. The book is about a working class family in Barrytown, a suburb of the Irish capital. It is one of those working class suburbs with tiny houses, a lot of children in the streets, unemployment and heavy drinking. It is also a great sense of togetherness, both within the family and in the local community. It is also a social novel. It talks about alcohol abuse and rape, the adultery of Mr. Burgess, Sharons pregnancy and the problems it causes, not only for the Rabbitte family, but also for the Barrytown community. Sharon Rabbitte: Sharon is the main character of this book. She is 20 years old, and the eldest daughter of Jimmy (Sr.) and Veronica Rabbitte. It is a very hard time for her, being pregnant of her neighbour who is married, but she wont admit that it is. She is a very good girl, always supporting other people, but she needs a lot of support too. Although she lied about the babys father, she names the baby after the real dad. Sharon is a round character, during the story we get a lot of information about her. Jimmy Sr.: He is Sharons father. He works, and every evening he goes to his favourite pub, where he meets his friends. First he supports Sharon, but when everybody in town knows that Mister Burgess, their neighbour, is the one who made Sharon pregnant, he takes a bit distant of Sharon. Then he feels very sorry for himself (especially because he hates Mister Burgess), which is irritating Sharon. But he is always defending Sharon and later, after he had a r ...

Mother and Ella Essays

Mother and Ella Essays Mother and Ella Essays Not a Day â€Å"Mommy and daddy, I love you. I don’t think I can last more than a day without you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stars lit the night sky like glistening diamonds woven onto a cloak of black. The shrill cries of ravens dissolved in the distance as the northern wind softly hushed and then withdrew. The small town of Hindenburg was silent and not a breath escaped the petite dwellings. The scent of medicine filled a petite hospital’s ward, as a blood pressure monitor slowly fluctuated. â€Å"The eye transplant is complete and her vitals are stable. She may be able to go home by the end of the week if her current conditions do not change,† the nurse reassured as she covered young Ella in freshly laundered blankets. â€Å"Those eyes, they remind me so much of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  her grandmother began. She cupped Ella’s small hands into her own, and a warm tear slid down her aging face. The excruciating death of Ella’s parents left her sightless and torn. Her family had been on an expedition to Africa’s largest safari. As an enfant, she loved jungles for the surprises that lied beyond the strangled vines. She loved how the animals cared for one another in the wild and how each one of them died in bliss. Then there was the moment that changed Ella’s life forever. It haunted her thoughts in flashbacks and it was always the same. Acute rays of a headlight coming closer, a terrifying moment of freefall, and then the shrill cry of her mother who fell upon the lifeless body of her father. It lasted for only a second, but it changed her life forever. The young girl’s silver grey eyes resembling clear pools of agony slowly hid behind her heavy eye-lids. Beneath the glassy windows of the ward were miniature figures of sheep that were carefully inked. One, two, three, four, five†¦ one after the other they appeared. Her marble hands gripped the ends of her sheets and she waited for it to happen. And then it did. - She was swinging from branch to branch wearing torn leopard skin and garlands of fresh wildflowers. Colourful toucans crossed the skies and fluttered to create a whirlwind of exotic shades. Below, a stampede of large-footed rhinos shook the vines that held the land together. Chimpanzees shook glances and welcomed Ella openheartedly with their outstretched, hairy arms. In sheer elation, they skipped deeper into the wild like Tarzan’s children. Ella’s smile broadened; she was where she loved to be. It was a miraculous sight. The damp air was suddenly replaced with a cool mist, and Ella heard a thunder echo just miles away. It was monstrous and real. The canopies of the trees immediately gave way and huddled together. They were responding to her fear as if they could sense her agony. Then there was a flash, and everything was dark. Pitch black with not a single ray of light